![]() They store the minerals calcium and phosphorus, and also contain bone marrow, where new blood cells are made. They hold the body upright, and also protect organs like the heart and the liver. The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body - it joins the calf muscle to the heel bone.īones give people shape. They appear as the long thin ends of the muscles. Tendons - these are made of strong fibrous connective tissue and they connect muscles to bone.Muscles - there are around 600 muscles in the human body.For example, the knee joint has 4 ligaments that help to stabilise it - the 2 collateral ligaments on the inner and outer sides of the knee and the 2 cruciate ligaments inside the knee joint Ligaments - tough bands of tissue that join bones to other bones to strengthen joints.Cartilage - provides cushioning inside joints (such as in the knee joint), or connects one bone to another (as in cartilaginous joints).Joints - an area where 2 or more bones come together.There are 5 main shapes of bones: long (such as the upper arm), short (such as the hand), flat (such as the ribs), irregular (such as the vertebrae) and sesamoid (such as the kneecap). The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. Skeleton - this is the framework of the body.Injuries and various illnesses can damage bones, muscles and joints. The parts of the musculoskeletal system grow and change throughout life. This system gives your body its structure and support and lets you move around. Related information on Australian websitesīones, muscles and joints make up the musculoskeletal system, along with cartilage, tendons, ligaments and connective tissue.Conditions and injuries affecting the bones.Also serving as an origin or insertion site for certain muscles e.g latissimus dorsi. Like tendons, aponeuroses attached to pennate muscles can be stretched by the forces of muscular contraction, absorbing energy like a spring and returning it when they recoil to unloaded conditions. Muscle fibers connect one to the other, and each aponeurosis thins into a tendon which attaches to bone at the origin or insertion site. Pennate muscles, in which the muscle fibers are oriented at an angle to the line of action, typically have two aponeuroses. The epicranial aponeurosis, or galea aponeurotica, is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which runs from the frontalis muscle anteriorly to the occipitalis posteriorly. ![]() The anterior and posterior intercostal membranes are aponeuroses located between the ribs and are continuations of the external and internal intercostal muscles, respectively. They extend from the calcaneal tuberosity then diverge to connect to the bones, ligaments and the dermis of the skin around the distal part of the metatarsal bones.Īnterior and posterior intercostal membranes The plantar aponeuroses occur on the plantar aspect of the foot. ![]() The extensor hoods are aponeuroses at the back of the fingers. The palmar aponeuroses occur on the palms of the hands. Palmar and plantar aponeuroses and extensor hood The posterior lumbar aponeuroses are situated just on top of the epaxial muscles of the thorax, which are multifidus spinae and sacrospinalis. It has for its borders the external oblique, pectoralis muscles, and the latissimus dorsi. The anterior abdominal aponeuroses are located just superficial to the rectus abdominis muscle. The primary regions with thick aponeuroses are in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, the ventriculus in birds, and the palmar (palms) and plantar (soles) regions.Īnatomy Anterior abdominal aponeuroses When dissected, aponeuroses are papery and peel off by sections. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, are histologically similar to tendons, and are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. Aponeuroses exhibit an ordered arrangement of collagen fibres, thus attaining high tensile strength in a particular direction while being vulnerable to tensional or shear forces in other directions. An aponeurosis ( / ˌ æ p ə nj ʊəˈr oʊ s ɪ s/ plural: aponeuroses) is a flattened tendon by which muscle attaches to bone or fascia.
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